The results suggest that while cannabis elevates an overall positive effect across social contexts, any impact on adverse effects can vary depending on the individual and if the person is using cannabis alone or with others. The data remained equivocal, meaning the differences were too small to draw solid conclusions.
The social context of cannabis use greatly influences its impact, as research shows that consuming cannabis with friends enhances social bonding, while using it alone may trigger negative feelings like paranoia or anxiety, depending on the individual.
Another recent study using ecological momentary assessment (EMA) further shows that cannabis use in social settings reduced negative emotions and boosted positive ones, especially in those with PTSD or generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), while solitary use often heightened negative emotions. Studies like these further emphasize the importance of the social environment when using cannabis to shape its effects on mood and behavior.
For people who have social anxiety disorder (SAD), a study finds that those with SAD had higher levels of CUD and were more likely to experience social withdrawal and isolation. Social isolation tends to be more common in those who use cannabis as a way to self-medicate and manage negative emotions, however.
Overall, the impact of marijuana on speech and cognition can vary from person to person. Factors such as biological sex, age, body weight, metabolism, tolerance, method of consumption, and the strain or potency of the cannabis product all play a role.
While some research suggests that cannabis may negatively affect speech and social interaction, these findings often have limitations. Although researchers have noted subtle speech changes in users, they still have not reached definitive conclusions. Female-at-birth individuals appear to have some protective factors when it comes to verbal learning and memory, even in the long term.
Many studies rely on self-reported data or small sample sizes, which can reduce conclusion reliability. Additionally, cannabis dosages, frequency of use, and individual differences influence outcomes. Therefore, it’s essential to interpret negative study findings cautiously, as they may not be conclusive.
Fortunately, emerging evidence points more toward cannabis enhancing social interactions, promoting sociability and relaxation, easing treatment-resistant stuttering, and, less commonly, adverse social effects. Still, additional rigorous studies are needed to better understand the social and communicative impacts of cannabis use.
Cannabis can potentially affect speech and social behavior in various ways, with the potential for immediate or long-term impacts. While it can enhance sociability and improve mood, it may also cause subtle speech difficulties, particularly with long-term use.
Yes, smoking cannabis can temporarily slow speech and make it potentially challenging to maintain the flow of conversation, especially immediately after consumption. The effects of long-term subtle speech changes are also potentially linked to cannabis consumption. However, these long-term effects are typically reversible after stopping cannabis use and still require further research.
Few things go together better than weed and exploring a new city. As cannabis legalization grows across the country, so does cannabis tourism. A recent report by the Global Cannabis Tourism Association found that the cannabis tourism market grew by 20% annually between 2022 and 2024, highlighting a growing trend of travelers who want to enjoy cannabis on their trips (or safely access their medicine).
It’s not all gambling and yard-long margaritas in Vegas; the cannabis scene has taken on a life of its own in Sin City. Among the many dispensaries operating across town, Vegas is home to Planet 13, the world’s largest dispensary open 24/7. Located just a short drive outside of the Vegas Strip, Planet 13 offers free shuttle services to most hotels on the Strip every day of the week.
And that’s just the beginning of the cannabis-friendly atmosphere in Vegas. The lively city also features several consumption lounges where tourists can mingle in exclusive tasting rooms and lean into the social aspect of the plant. These lounges, paired with plenty of smoke-friendly rentals and hotel options, make for an extremely 420-friendly destination.
Denver is high on the list of cannabis-friendly cities, and for good reason. As the capital of one of the first states to legalize recreational cannabis, the city has made a name for itself in the world of weed tourism with a surplus of stores, events, and outdoor activities that pair well with a little cannabis.
Between the 420 Mile High Festival (hosted by none other than Tommy Chong this year), the various cannabis consumption venues, and a bustling cannabis culinary scene, it’s easy to see why so many cannabis lovers flock to Denver for a getaway. Let’s not forget Colorado Cannabis Tours, which offer cannabis-centric experiences that celebrate cannabis culture and bring together like-minded people for fun activities.
Referred to as the cannabis capital of California, Sacramento has made quite a name for itself in the cannabis scene. According to one study, Sacramento is home to the lowest cannabis prices in the country, with one high-quality ounce averaging $212.
Beyond the affordable options, Sacramento’s cannabis culture is alive and well, with plenty of dispensaries, farms, and delivery services operating across the city. The city is about to get even more cannabis-friendly, too. The Sacramento city council approved the launch of a cannabis lounge pilot program last year, with consumption lounges likely to open in the next year.
Like Sacramento, Portland is known for its affordable cannabis. The city is ranked as the second-lowest for cannabis prices, with a high-quality ounce costing consumers about $213. This West Coast city has fully embraced the cannabis culture, making it a wonderful destination for any cannabis enthusiast.
Visitors can check out the Potlandia Experience Bus Tours, which venture throughout the city to check out microbreweries, food carts, and popular attractions. Or they can hop on a Weed & Waterfalls tour, which celebrates the natural beauty that surrounds the City of Roses.
How To Buy CannabisAlthough recreational cannabis has only been legal in Missouri for a few years, Kansas City has quickly soared to become a cannabis travel destination. In a 2024 report of best cannabis cities, Kansas City was named the most improved, jumping from the No. 22 spot to No. 9 between 2023 and 2024.
The same report found that Kansas City already has twice the number of dispensaries per capita as Los Angeles, despite legalizing the recreational sale of the plant six years later. The dispensary experience itself is a bit different in Kansas City, with deli-style service and drive-thru options.
Between its world-famous barbecue, the lively sports community, and its vibrant jazz scene, Kansas City is a fantastic destination for tourists looking to immerse themselves in a city’s unique culture with the added bonus of easy access to legal weed.
Like Colorado, Washington was among the first states to embrace legal cannabis more than a decade ago. Seattle has long been a cannabis-friendly city, having first hosted the Washington Hemp Expo in 1991, which later became the iconic Hempfest. The event was a protest over the prohibition of cannabis, which played a significant role in ushering in the state’s eventual legalization of the plant.
While all of the above cities are great destinations for cannabis-loving travelers, keep in mind that they all have unique laws and regulations around the plant. Public cannabis consumption is generally not legal, even in cannabis-friendly cities. Use your best judgment and be aware of the laws when sparking up in a new place.
It’s also illegal to cross state lines with cannabis, even when traveling between states with legal cannabis. While it may be tempting to cruise from Seattle to Portland with your favorite Seattle brands, it’s technically illegal to enter Oregon with Washington weed, for example.
Pay close attention to your accommodations, too. Even in cannabis-friendly cities, many hotels, Airbnb, and other lodging options prohibit guests from smoking or vaping. Fortunately, most cities do offer cannabis-friendly lodging–you just have to look for it. If you plan to spark up where you’re staying, be sure to find a place that allows consumption. Websites like Bud and Breakfast can help narrow down the options.
Cannabis and California share an interwoven cultural history that feels impossible to imagine one without the other. With a complex narrative brimming with controversy, secrecy, advocacy, and revolutionary breakthroughs, the Golden State’s connection to cannabis is one with extensive roots and profound influence. Today, people widely recognize California as a cannabis capital, celebrating its legacy of high-quality cannabis producers and weed-friendly locals. From the sunny shores of Los Angeles to the misty mountains of the Emerald Triangle, cannabis has become as integral to California’s cultural identity as Hollywood, Silicon Valley, and surf culture.
But how did cannabis and California become such an inseparable pair? To find out, we have created an article investigating the unique variety of political forces, cultural movements, and geographical advantages that have made California a fertile territory for a flourishing cannabis culture. Few places on earth have shaped the history of cannabis like California, so let’s take a journey and discover why cannabis in the Golden State isn’t just legal—it’s legendary.
California’s relationship with cannabis hasn’t always been so accepting. The state was one of the first in the country to outlaw the plant in 1913, decades before the federal government banned cannabis with the Marihuana Tax Act of 1937. This movement was part of the Progressive Era wave of anti-narcotics legislation, and California was home to one of the most aggressive anti-drug campaigns led by the California Board of Pharmacy.
The ban on cannabis was an amendment to California’s existing Poison Act, which was put into effect in 1907 as part of early efforts by the state to eradicate Chinese opium dens. At that time, anti-Chinese sentiment was prevalent in the state, and negative attitudes toward Chinese immigrants were a key motivator for California’s aggressive war on drugs in the early 20th century. Enforcement of opium prohibition by the California Board of Pharmacy pioneered many of the aggressive techniques used in modern drug enforcement, such as deploying undercover agents and informants, criminalizing users, instating anti-paraphernalia laws, and performing a series of raids on pharmacists and Chinese opium dens.
Lawmakers with anti-immigrant attitudes ultimately classified cannabis as an illegal drug under the Poison Act. In the 1910s, an influx of Indian and Mexican immigrants into California fueled xenophobic sentiments that drove the push to criminalize “Indian Hemp” and “marihuana.” Thus, The Board of Pharmacy actively contributed to the growing moral panic and prohibitionist movement sweeping the country. Motivated by prejudice against foreign newcomers, officials used the cultural association of cannabis with immigrant communities as a convenient excuse to ban it—alongside opium and cocaine—in California.
Across the country during the 1930s, rising xenophobic attitudes toward Mexican immigrants in the American Southwest inspired racially-charged rumors about the “foreign” plant known as “mariguana” or “marihuana” that the newcomers used traditionally for recreational intoxication and medicinal effects. Claims that Mexicans were introducing their “killer weed” to innocent white schoolchildren were propounded by authorities and local gossip.
As part of the crusade to enforce a national ban on cannabis, studios in Hollywood played a role in producing propaganda films meant to stir public fears about drug use in America. Perhaps the most famous anti-cannabis propaganda film of the era was the 1936 exploitation film “Reefer Madness,” which depicted the corruption of innocent high school students by the effects of cannabis. The story follows a group of naive teens who use cannabis, which propels them into a series of absurd situations as they spiral into “madness.” The following year, the government enacted the Marihuana Tax Act of 1937, effectively launching the national ban on cannabis.
In the 1940s and 50s, the Beat Generation—a literary and cultural movement led by figures like Jack Kerouac and Allen Ginsberg—brought their countercultural ideals, jazz-inspired poetry, and New York City weed to the West Coast. The Beats are considered the first generation of writers for whom cannabis was central, playing a role in the experiences recounted in their written works, the works’ style of prose, and the writers’ creative states of mind (namely, they often wrote while stoned). Today, the famous City Lights Bookstore still stands as a relic of the former epicenter of the Beat movement, representing the historic place where radical ideas once flourished over smoldering joints and pages of poetry.
Cannabis use was already popular among minority communities across the country, and it was the African American jazz musicians from New York who first introduced the Beats to the drug. Beat writers then transported this jazz-infused culture of weed to the West, introducing cannabis to a broader artistic and intellectual scene.